the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet

It generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action. Unfortunately, problems can also arise from our tendency to categorize. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes, adjusting ones behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard, influence resulting from a persons desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval, influence resulting from ones willingness to accept others opinions about reality, stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others, the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable, the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity, the enhancement of a groups prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group. They have relatively high levels of serotonin and low levels of testosterone. The tendency to see the beliefs, values, and customs of one's own culture or group as "right" or "natural" is called a. ethnicity. d. the fundamental attribution error. these group categories that he fits into are his _____., an ___ is a large amount of people that perceive themselves as different from/ apart from their ingroup and more. Carl Rogers's Actualizing Tendency: Your Ultimate Guide 29 terms. Unselfish regard for the welfare of others. Was the White person right to avoid the situation so that neither person would feel uncomfortable? His increasing hostility can best be explained in terms of, In laboratory experiments, merely observing someone receive painful electric shocks leads viewers to think less of the victim. In the context of distinctiveness, you are most likely to introduce your roommate to your friends as: When the British made a group of German civilians walk through a concentration camp at the close of World War II, one German responded: "What terrible criminals these prisoners must have been to receive such treatment." a. cognitive dissonance. As a result, outgroup disliking stems from this in-group liking (Brewer & Brown, 1998). Similarly, Ecuador guarantees the fundamental right to sexual orientation and gender identity. c. The need to be accepted by others is a powerful motivating force. quiz 5 psych 312.docx - Question 1 2 out of 2 points A tendency to Quia - AP Psychology - Unit 14 Vocabulary Review He is disheartened and feels frustrated but is unable to question his manager. Dispositional (Internal) Attribution Theory. Specifically, people see members of an outgroup as more similar to one another in personality than they actually are. For example, authoritarian leaders tend to allocate more national resources to members of their own tribe, religious sect, or political party. . Or even ageist people who feel fond of older adults but, at the same time, view them as incompetent to support themselves and worry about the burden they place on public welfare programs. Groupthink: . Take the IAT. Joie, age 19, is a Black female university sophomore. In-group favoritism, sometimes known as in-group-out-group bias, in-group bias, intergroup bias, or in-group preference, is a pattern of favoring members of one's in-group over out-group members. In general, those high in SDO have a strong belief in work ethicthat hard work always pays off and leisure is a waste of time. This fact is consistent with the principle that ________ breeds prejudice. A loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. Compared with nonplayers, people with extensive exposure to violent video gaming display ________ desensitization to violence, and they are ________ likely to help an injured victim. This effect has been researched by many psychologists and linked to many theories related to group . d. aggression. High rates of violence are most common among those who experience minimal levels of: The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. Just ask yourself if youve ever been asked, What are you? This question is frequently asked to people about their ethnicity, national origin, gender identity, religion, and other group affiliations. C) selective perception. The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable. The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request. Discrimination and the implicit association test. Armstrong Publishing had 25% of its sales in mysteries, 10% in biographies, 15% in cookbooks, 15% in romance novels, 20% in science, and the rest in business books. Today, there is a greater appreciation of the fact that not all biases are overt hostility based on a personal animosity toward members of a group. For example, imagine that a person believes left-handed people are more creative than right-handed people. . Social identity theory (Tajfel, Billig, Bundy, & Flament, 1971) describes this tendency to favor one's own in-group over another's outgroup. Which branch of psychology is most connected with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another, Attribution theory was designed to account for, Ksana insists that her boyfriends car accident resulted form his carelessness. In the context of the relationship between religion and racial prejudice, if one defines religiousness as church membership, then the more religious people have ________. The frustration-aggression principle most clearly applies to individuals with higher-than-average levels of: Female 3: But you know your kid better than anybody else and if you think he's acting different than usual, Male 1: acting really down, crying all the time for no good . b. Devine, P. G. (1989). The IAT measures how quickly you can sort words or pictures into different categories. 1. a natural or prevailing disposition to move, proceed, or act in some direction or toward some point, end, or result. Bodenhausen, G. V., & Peery, D. (2009). c. social facilitation. Impact. In-group favoritism - Wikipedia The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. attitude. Measured cognitive dissonance by paying participants to $1 or $20 to lie about the enjoyment of a dull task. Stereotypes are biased thoughts about a person due to the incorrect belief that the category accurately describes them. What are the demand functions in this case? The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. d. women tend to share similar attitudes about sex. Prejudice, Discrimination, and Stereotyping | Noba Like SDO, there does appear to be an association between this ideology (i.e. social class, family, football team etc.) Sons are more valued than daughters. This belief best illustrates: While visiting the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp shortly after World War II, one German civilian is said to have remarked, "What terrible criminals these prisoners must have been to receive such treatment." How often do you hear people criticizing groups without knowing anything about them? Most people have a positive view of themselves. False consensus effect - Wikipedia The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them. What was the highest marginal tax rate for married taxpayers in 1970? c. more; more a. d. deindividuation. Prejudice, Discrimination, and Stereotyping, Greenwald, Banaji, Rudman, Farnham, Nosek, & Mellott, 2002, Greenwald, Poehlman, Uhlmann, & Banaji, 2009, https://onlinepsych.pepperdine.edu/blog/prejudice-discrimination-coping-skills/, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. B) an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. The tendency to favor ones own cultural group over other groups is known as A) elitism. Manson, J. H. (2020). The dislike originates from each classs favoritism toward itself and the fact that only one group can play on the soccer field at a time. In the 21st century, however, with social group categories even more complex, biases may be transforming. c. young adults tend to prefer the same kinds of music. Psychology questions and answers. The extrinsic incentives bias is best described as the tendency for Devine and her colleagues (2005) note that automatic prejudices subside when ________. p.)\left.p.\right)p.). a. ingroup bias. c. deindividuation. What Is Confirmation Bias? | Psychology Today Plan a vacation in Switzerland that centers around its natural landscape. 2. ethnocentrism.d. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias, The tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. C) a win-win solution. We might feel affinity toward people from our home town, a connection with those who attend our university, or commiserate with the experience of people who share our gender identity, religion, or ethnicity. Developed Social Learning Theory, where children learn through watching AND imitating actions. d. the blame-the-victim phenomenon. According to these jurors, this case is best explained in terms of the: The tendency to favor one's own group, the group with whom we share a common identity, is called: Kelly is a Republican and Carlos is a Democrat. a. amygdala the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another, the theory that we explain someones behavior by crediting either the situation or the persons disposition, the tendency for observers, when analyzing anothers behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition, feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events, occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts, occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speakers attractiveness, the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request, a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave, the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. These blatant biases tend to run in packs: People who openly hate one outgroup also hate many others. Such a question would be preposterous if you were only surrounded by members of your own group. His action is best explained in terms of the, Aggression-replacement programs are most likely to advise parents to avoid, In contrast to watching violence on television, participating in violent video games involves, The mere exposure effect refers to the fact that people. Other-race Effect: Definition. Research on gender attitudes conducted by Alice Eagly and her associates (1991) and Geoffrey Haddock and Mark Zanna (1994) suggests: Greenwald and his colleagues (2003) asked both Black and White participants to press a "shoot" button when the target appeared to be holding a gun rather than a harmless object such as a flashlight. It applies U.S. GAAP and reports in U.S. dollars. Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: III. NIMBY | Meaning, Examples, & Facts | Britannica Categories . Thus, those high inSDO see groups as battling each other for these resources, with winners at the top of the social hierarchy and losers at the bottom (see Table 1). C) more readily comply with a large request if they previously complied with a small request. d. father care. Then create a word search puzzle using the sentences-without the word as clues. c. They have relatively low levels of serotonin and low levels of testosterone. University students were observed to pull harder on a rope when they thought they were pulling alone than when they thought three others were pulling with them on the same rope. However, to justify preferential treatment, people often exaggerate the differences between their in-group and an outgroup. Social identity is a person's sense of who they are based on their group membership (s). The tendency to favor one's own . Explanation: It is not true that narcissism is the tendency to view one's own culture or group as superior to others. The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the . Conserves physiological arousal and excitement. For instance, Margaret might not be typical (or stereotypical) of an 80-year-old in that she regularly competes in organized half-marathons. -cies. Other Quizlet sets. We identify o We compare Ingroup bias o Tendency to favor ones own A specific case of comfort with the ingroup is called aversive racism, so-called because people do not like to admit their own racial biases to themselves or others (Dovidio & Gaertner, 2010). a personality that is disposed to favor obedience to authority and intolerance of outgroups and those lower in status . First, people are interested in understanding the intentions of others. People higher on SDO tend to choose and thrive in occupations that maintain existing group hierarchies (police, prosecutors, business), compared to those lower in SDO, who tend to pick more equalizing occupations (social work, public defense, psychology). Iceland, for example, guarantees legal equality between men and women. For example, by crediting the ingroup for its successes, while blaming external factors for its failures. When 12-year-old Jamilah saw an old man lying on the sidewalk, he prepared to offer help. B) Having the belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group. Notably, the combination of high RWA and high SDO predicts joining hate groups that openly endorse aggression against minority groups, immigrants, homosexuals, and believers in non-dominant religions (Altemeyer, 2004). Just 80 years ago, American college students unabashedly thought Turkish people were cruel, very religious, and treacherous (Katz & Braly, 1933). We identify o We compare Ingroup bias o Tendency to favor ones own group o. Denote the maximal utility as a function of ppp and mmm by U(p,m)U^*(p, m)U(p,m), the value function, also called the indirect utility function. Indicate the amount of expenses (if any) the firm recognizes during the months of June, July, and August in each of the following hypothetical transactions. What connection has been found in experiments exploring self-image and prejudice? Not all stereotypes of outgroups are all bad. Categories, then, are becoming more and more uncertain, unclear, volatile, and complex (Bodenhausen & Peery, 2009). c. animals can be bred for aggressiveness. People are often biased against others outside of their own social group, showing prejudice (emotional bias), stereotypes (cognitive bias), and discrimination (behavioral bias). These small interactions can have devastating effects on the hopeful interviewees ability to perform well (Word, Zanna, & Cooper, 1974). Brewer, M. B., & Brown, R. J. 2022. The IAT is sensitive to very slight hesitations that result from having automatic or unconscious biases. For example, researchers have found that those who score higher on SDO are usually lower than average on tolerance, empathy, altruism, and community orientation. (Mob Mentality), The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group. The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognition) are inconsistent. Because the attributes of group categories can be either good or bad, we tend to favor the groups with people like us and incidentally disfavor the others. divided her class into blue eyes and brown eyes to teach her kids about discrimination. Own Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster "learners" received painful electric shocks even if they had heart problems. Understand biases such as social dominance orientation and right-wing authoritarianism. Ingroup Favoritism and Prejudice | Principles of Social Psychology RWA respects group unity over individual preferences, wanting to maintain group values in the face of differing opinions. The tendency to favor one's own ethnic group over other groups is called. When she gets home in the evening, she criticizes her friend's choice of restaurant for dinner. Like the guard at night saying: Who goes there, friend or foe? If the other group has good, cooperative intentions, we view them as warm and often consider them part of our side. However, if the other group is cold, we often view them as a threat and treat them accordingly.

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