the seven summits in order of difficulty

In fact, it is one of the requirements of going on this hike. I climbed Mount Kosciuszko in May 2019 just to make sure, you can read about me hiking Mount Kosciuszko here. Im signed up to try again starting on NYE and throughout January 2020. Your tired muscles are quivering with exhaustion and excitement as you quickly breathe in the thin, crisp mountain air. Awful weather, 160kph wind and a very depressed Johnny. Elbrus has two summits, both of which are dormant volcanic domes. Grading: 1A. Set of highest mountains of each of the seven continents, A higher elevation of 5,030m (16,503ft) still appears on some maps and sites, but is accepted by neither Indonesia nor the mountaineering community, nor is it supported by modern surveys. Best times to hike: December March. Around 15 days from Chile, back to Chile again, and perhaps factor a couple of days delay in with the weather in Antarctica. North face of Mt. Continent: North America Around 40% (estimates range from 30% to 50%). [42][43][44] George Atkinson then became the youngest person in the world to complete the round aged 16 years 362 days. how to start a travel blog in under 30 minutes, here! * Full color with 125 photographs and 24 maps including a map for each summit route * Essential information on primary climbing routes and travel logistics for mountaineers, with historical and cultural anecdotes for armchair readers Aconcagua. Similar to Mount Kosciuszko, the ascent to Mauna Kea offers no difficulty. Everest. Elevation: 20,322 ft. Kili, Puncak Jaya, Elbrus, and Aconcagua done. Pay attention to the weather as it can change rapidly at higher elevations. Want to join me? Single Rooming. I wrote this summary as much for myself as any of you guys out there. The second-highest summit of the seven and the highest mountain outside of Asia, Aconcagua is a wickedly high mountain. The obstacles: many and merciless, from ice storms to illness to a measurement question that threatened to make their record-breaking expedition a sham. Just in case conquering the 7 summits is not quite adventurous enough, there is also the Three Poles Challenge which sees adventurers reach the North Pole, the South Pole, and the summit of Mount Everest. [27] Mary "Dolly" Lefever became the first American woman to climb the "Seven Summits" on March 11, 1993, when she climbed Australia's Mount Kosciuszko. Extending the Learning. More than fifteen years after the publication of "Into Thin Air" in 1996, high-altitude climbing in general and the Seven Summits in particular have only gained greater appeal. It is also imperative that you are acclimated to the higher elevations, as the higher you get, the harder it is to breathe. Following a successful summit of Kilimanjaro, most climbers will likely select Europe's highest peak, Mt. Winter season is generally colder than June-Sep and there is a higher probability of encountering snow on the summit, Between $1500 to $3k depending on luxury levels. An average of 3,500 people attempt the summit every year but only about 40% reach the top, Aconcagua has earned itself the nickname of Mountain of Death with an, Knowing how to use crampons and an ice axe is essential and you should be in top physical shape with an excellent level of aerobic fitness, Aconcagua expeditions typically take just less than three weeks. This gives a fatality rate of 0.77 per 1,000 or 0.077%. He accomplished this feat by hiring, at great expense, a succession of professional mountain guides, and completed his . This is definitely an expedition that would best be taken with a guide who knows the safest and most scenic ways to get to the top. The Carstensz Pyramid, also known as Puncak Jaya is the lowest elevated mountain of the 7 summits on the Messner version list. Mount Everest is the highest mountain on earth, rising 8,848 m (29,029 ft) above sea level. It is unique in the sense that it is the only one of the 7 summits that requires technical rock climbing skills as opposed to the alpine mountaineering skills required on the other summits. In addition to . Being in top physical condition is essential, as well as you need to be current on your glacier-travel and winter camping skills because you will definitely need them for this trek. Everest (8,850 m) in Asia. It's called the Explorer's Grand Slam you climb the tallest peak on each of the seven continents . [19][20][21], In 1970, the Japanese mountaineer and adventurer Naomi Uemura (1941-1984) was the first person to reach five of the Seven Summits including Mount Everest. Elbrus (5,642 m) in Europe. Muldrow Glacier Route is probably equal in terms of technicality to the West Buttress Route but is not quite as popular as climbers have to hike in instead of fly to Base Camp and so is generally a longer expedition. Conclusion. [49] Three months later, in January 2007, Swedes Olof Sundstrm and Martin Letzter completed their Seven Summits skiing project by skiing down (parts of) Carstensz Pyramid, thus becoming the first and only people to have skied both lists.[50]. The summit was reached via the steep 1,700-meter southwest face after four days of climbing and three bivouacs, with the most difficult stretch concentrated near the end of the ascent. However, it is not located in Oceania, but on Heard Island, a small offshore island in the southern Indian Ocean. It is also required that you have a guide escort you. it turned out that Chris wanted to summit 7 of the Glass House Mountains in South-East Queensland, in a single day. [6] Puncak Jaya is actually on the Maoke Plate, while Mount Wilhelm is on the Woodlark Plate, both of which are usually grouped with the larger Australian Plate. If you use the transport options on the South Side (cable car and snowcat), 6/10, if not or you summit from the north side, 7/10. The seven summits are the 7 highest mountains on each continent. You may be surprised by the fact that Mount Everest is considered to be the least difficult. Kilimanjaro is a great mountain to begin your 7 summit challenge. It is the highest summit of Mount Carstensz in the Sudirman Range of the western central highlands of Papua Province in Indonesia. From Camp 4 up to the summit, climbers will enter what is commonly known as the "death zone". You may be wondering what the Seven Summits are and what it takes to hike these mercurial and majestic beauties? READ ABOUT IT HERE. Reinhold Messner postulated another list (the Messner or Carstensz list), replacing Mount Kosciuszko with Indonesia's Puncak Jaya, or Carstensz Pyramid (4,884m or 16,024ft). . The routes only require hiking and do not require mountaineering skills. ", "Statistics, Facts & figures of all 7summiteers: Carstensz, Kosciuszko and combined lists", "Constraints from finite element modelling on the active tectonics of northern Central America and the Middle America Trench", "Carstensz Pyramid, the Summit of Oceania", 7Summits.com, voluminous information within a commercial website, Essay on the criteria for the Seven Summits, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seven_Summits&oldid=1141680280, Articles with German-language sources (de), Articles with dead external links from May 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. [34] Miroslav Caban is the second climber to finish the project without supplemental oxygen on Everest (finished in 2005 with Carstensz). In the process, he smashed the world record for youngest person ever to climb the 29,029-foot behemoth. From Kilimanjaro to Everest, join our mountaineering trips to climb the 7 summits and bag the world's tallest peaks. A Seven Second Summits collection was first achieved in January 2013 by Christian Stangl. As long as youre willing to suffer. He wrote a book about this process, Beyond Everest: Quest for the Seven Summits, in which he argued the veracity of the Carstensz-Version over the Bass List. It can be difficult to discern the topmost point on Dhaulagiri's summit ridge. 4/10. If you dont build your dream, someone will hire you to help build theirs, What are the Seven Summits (2022 update)? Puncak Jaya - Oceania (16,024 feet) This one in particular is a source of controversy, since it didn't make Bass's original list. You can read about my Mont Blanc climb here. The observatory on the summit has been accessible by road since the 1960s. You can read my review here, and you can sign-up here! . Privacy | Terms | DMCA | Affiliate Disclosure|Site Map. However, the highest mountain on the Australian continent, which includes Australia and New Guinea, is Puncak Jaya, 4,884m (16,024ft) above sea level,[a] in the Indonesian province of Papua and on the island of New Guinea, which shares the Sahul continental shelf with Australia. If you plan on tackling these treks, you had better be in the best shape of your life and be fully versed in survival skills because you will encounter extreme weather and physically challenging conditions. This hike is considered a trekking peak; however, that does not mean that it is easy by any means. But life is short, and the only way to achieve big things is to set big goals, so lets give it a crack. They will know the safest ways to go and how to handle the local terrain and weather. Train hard for a minimum of 3 months. Elevation: 18,510 ft. In December of 2011, less than 6 months after turning 15 years old, Romero reached the peak of Antarctica 's Mount Vinson, This qualified him as the youngest mountain climber ever to conquer the famed Seven Summits Challenge. 2023/24 Dates: You would start end of March and aim to Summit mid-to-late May. I did both these mountains in 2019 to make sure! He climbed Denali (1977), Aconcagua (1981), Mount Everest (1982), Kilimanjaro (1983), Mount Kosciuszko (1983), Mount Vinson (1985), Mount Elbrus (1985) and finally the Puncak Jaya (Carstensz Pyramid) on May 7, 1986. And if you just want to get cracking, use BlueHost at a discount, through me. On the descent he disappeared in a winter storm. Antarctica - Vinson Massif - 4892m. Elevation: 16,024 ft. The 'Seven Summits' is the name given to the challenge of climbing the highest point in each of the seven continents. PS You even get 5% off if you use MY LINK! Flyfjellet is one of the "smaller ones" of the "Seven Summits" with about 415 meters of altitude and a walking time of about 45 minutes each way. Rigney estimates he's paid between $170,000 and $180,000 to climb the Seven Summits, he said. The Altiplano Plate and the North Andes Plate, both of which share geological processes with the South American continent, have their own highest mountain peaks:[6], The first Seven Summits list as postulated by Bass (the Bass or Kosciusko list) chose the highest mountain of mainland Australia, Mount Kosciuszko (2,228m or 7,310ft), to represent the Australian continent's highest summit. Mt. Messners Seven Summit list is as follows: Mont Blanc was widely regarded as the highest mountain in Europe in the mid 20th century, only for Elbrus in Russia to be accepted as the true highest point in Europe. Although this is no easy trek, it is well worth the effort when you get to the top. The lack of technical difficulty or the waning adventure a Seven Summits bid entails isn't the problem, though. The West Buttress Route is the most commonly used path to the summit of Denali as it is the least technical and has significant infrastructure set up along the way in terms of Base Camps and medical evacuation availability. However, when a legendary climber . Vinson Guided Team Climb: $50,995 USD. 5: Elbus Vinson and Aconcagua is similar in terms of overall difficulty. I am currently working on my own quest to climb the seven summits. Vinson. The score: 6-1 to the Second Seven Summits. If hiking the entire route, you will begin in the lower jungle and work your way up through the jungle to another base camp where there is a helicopter pad for those who dont want to do the initial hike from the jungle and prefer to be flown in. While the wilderness is truly spectacular the weather is often unpredictable and extra days are usually incorporated into an expedition to allow for the possible bad weather which may delay flights or restrict movement out of base camps. Anyway please bare with my english as it is not my mother tongue. [32] In May 2002, Susan Ershler and her husband, Phil, became the first married couple to climb the "Seven Summits" together. [20][22], In 1978, the Italian mountaineer Reinhold Messner was the first person to reach six of the Seven Summits (1971 Puncak Jaya, 1974 Aconcagua, 1976 Mount McKinley (now Denali), 1978 Kilimanjaro, 1978 Mount Everest). Seven Summits - everything about the seven highest mountains of the continents: Mount Everest, Aconcagua, Denali, Mont Blanc, Puncak Yaja and many more. For Messner, Carstensz Pyramid (Puncak Jaya) was the highest peak in Australia (Messner list), but in 1983, he climbed Mount Kosciuszko to also satisfy the other geographic definition of Australia. Climbing to the summit of all of them was first done on 30 April 1985 by Richard Bass. Climbing the 7 summits is a bucket list dream of many adventurers. South Pole Flight Add On. The Seven Summits are the highest mountains on each of the seven continents. [45][46] On 24 December 2011, the record was once again beaten, by American Jordan Romero, who completed the challenge at the age of 15 years, 5 months and 12 days by climbing Vinson. Some people have different definitions of what the seven summits are depending on what they consider to be the true continents. Bring plenty of dehydrated/non-perishable food and water. 7 magnificent peaks in 24hrs . It is based in the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains and is the sixth highest of the 7 summits. Though there is some contention as to how the Caucasus Mountains are distributed between Europe and Asia, Elbrus lies north of the Caucasus watershed which is deemed - by most of the relevant authorities - to be the borderline between the two. Elevation: 16,050 ft. It covers me while I live overseas. There are many permits required in order to take this trek. In that time, Mont Blanc was considered to be the highest mountain of the European continent. The peak of Vison Massif is 660 nautical miles from the South Pole. Kilimanjaro has a multitude of routes that access the summit, but there are five which are consistently used and considered to be the most popular. This was Tejas' ninth time to complete the Bass Seven Summits. An experienced guide can lead you safely to the peak and add an extra level of awesomeness to your hike by keying you in on tips and local information that you may not get if you do it on your own. *NOTE: Because the location of the boundary between Australia and Asia is not universally agreed upon Mount Kosciuszko (2,228m) is occasionally considered as Australias highest mountain. The Seven Summits trail, completed in the summer of 2004 by the Kootenay Columbia Trails Society (KCTS), is a spectacular point to point single-track traverse of the Rossland Range. Interest in the Seven Summits Mountaineering challenge grew, and as the years passed, new types of firsts were established regularly. South America - Aconcagua - 6962m. 85% South side (using the snow-cat to carry you to 4,800), 55% North Side. --Charles Lamb. I summited Kilimanjaro in September 2017 and made it to the top of Mt. If you take medication regularly, be sure to bring a few doses with you in case you cannot get back to your base in time. The Explorers Grand Slam includes the Seven Summits and both poles. I climbed Mount Elbrus in 2018, I had a great time doing it, highly recommended! On the Carstensz list, the remaining 7 summits would most likely be Aconcagua, Vinson, Elbrus, and then Kilimanjaro in decreasing order of difficulty. Cold, and physically exerting. [66][67][68][69], Alpinism author Jon Krakauer (1997) wrote in Into Thin Air[70] that it would be a bigger challenge to climb the second-highest peak of each continent, known as the Seven Second Summits a feat that was not accomplished until January 2013. High resolution, list of highest points of Oceanian countries, "Book Review: Becoming the First American to Complete the Explorer's Grand Slam", "The Adventurer: Dick Bass' Many Summits", "Kosciuszko walk - Thredbo to Mount Kosciuszko", "United Nations Geospatial Information Section Web Site", "World Atlas / World Map / Atlas of the World Including Geography Facts and Flags", "East Asia/Southeast Asia:: Indonesia The World Factbook", "PNG trekking adventures | Battlefield Treks and Culture", "Constraints from finite element modeling on the active tectonics ofnorthern Central America and the Middle America Trench", "Highest, Tallest, and Closest to the Stars", In Memoriam William D. Hackett, 19181999, Naomi Uemura, renowned Japanese adventurer", "No Mountain Too High For Her: Junko Tabei defied Japanese views of women to become an expert climber", "Ershlers First Couple to Climb the Seven Summits", Fastest Everest climber eats 3, 6000m peaks in 16 hours, "Youngest ever mountaineer completes seven summit challenge", "Malibu's Johnny Strange, 17, becomes youngest to bag Seven Summits", "After Everest, Krushnaa Patil sets sight on new peaks - Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis", "Hampshire climber Geordie Stewart held record for two hours", "Youngest Briton to scale world's top peaks News Evening Standard", "California teen becomes youngest to climb 7 summits", "Jordan Romero Climbs Mt. Neither the Bass nor the Messner list includes Mont Blanc. The majority of climbs go via the western side of the massif from the Branscomb Glacier and make use of the various base camps along the route. Unfortunately again . Vinson Massif: Calif. I use SafetyWing for my digital nomad insurance. Read about it here, You can read about my experience climbing Puncak Jaya, and how I did it so cheaply HERE. Indeed, Patrick Morrow used this argument to defend his choice to adhere to the Messner list, "Being a climber first and a collector second, I felt strongly that Carstensz Pyramid, the highest mountain in Australasia was a true mountaineers objective. You can pay up to $100k for extra sherpas, extra tents/space/oxygen etc, but most struggle by on a thrift $50k! Everest may not be one of the more difficult peaks over 8000m, but no one should ever think it's an easy climb. The Polish Traverse Route is also non-technical but you are more likely to need to use crampons and an ice axe than on the Normal Route. These can add between $10,000 to $30,000. Mount Kilimanjaro is the highest point on the continent of Africa. Lets do it. Despite being no small feat, over the years there has been a rise in popularity of this prestigious challenge as an increasing number of people make an attempt the reach the peaks. - Pat Falvey (47) from Co. Cork in 2005. Number three on the 7 summits list in terms of elevation is Denali. The route is non-technical and often referred to as the 'highest trekking peak in the world'. The following tech devices are helpful when taking any kind of trek: Most of these hikes require special permits and other special requirements in order to go to the top. [40][41] On 26 May 2011, at 6:45 Nepali time, Geordie Stewart became the youngest Briton to complete the Seven Summits at the age of 22 years and 21 days. Due to the weather though, it is best to climb Mount Aconcagua between late November and late February. He had climbed the first one in 1968. Europe - Mt Elbrus - 5642m. Elbrus. To date, the oldest person to climb the seven summits was 76 years old. ELA Extension: Expository/Informational WritingHave students choose one of the Seven Summits and complete additional research about the summit in order to present an informational presentation, including written information and a visual element.Have students practice evaluating sources for credibility and cite text evidence within their essays. . This is an ancient Buddist ceremony usually performed by two or three monks at the base camp before a climb. Kilimanjaro. Choosing a route to the summit generally depends on how much time you want to spend on the expedition, how much other foot traffic you want to encounter, and if you want to overnight in hut accommodation instead of camping over the expedition. This creates several possible versions of the seven summits: The concept Richard Bass and his climbing partner Frank Wells were pursuing was to be the first to stand atop the highest mountain on each continent. I can therefore proclaim the Second Seven Summits to be a good deal harder than the normal Seven . The popularity of the Seven has led to improved access and services for climbers, but it has also led to problems. In 2009-10, Indian mountaineer Krushnaa Patil made a bid for the fastest woman to complete the challenge; she fell short of the challenge when, in May 2009, her seventh and final summit bid on Denali was halted by her guide's illness. Have some sort of emergency shelter with you, such as a tent or tarp in case of unexpected extreme weather. Mount Kilimanjaro is one of the Seven Summits. Denali (also called Mount McKinley), in the center of the Alaska Range in south-central Alaska, is the highest peak in North America. Denali is best attempted in the early summer months from May through to July. ), he never made it to more than five summits. The Seven Summits are the highest mountains of each of the seven traditional continents.Climbing to the summit of all of them was first done on 30 April 1985 by Richard Bass.Once considered a mountaineering challenge, in January 2023, Climbing said "Today, the Seven Summits are a relatively commonalmost clichtour of each continent's highest peak", and that the real challenge was the . 231 persons have climbed the Messner list, while 234 have completed the Bass list. Part of its previous difficulty was that it took a pretty tough trek to even get to the mountain, but now helicopters are often utilized. Elbrus, or Aconcagua (South America) for their second summit. Beautiful scenery and breath-taking views of the Andes mountains await you at the summit. Answer (1 of 3): There are probably less than 500 people who have completed the seven summits in history and more than 7 Billion people on Earth, so it is at least a rare accomplishment. . *NOTE: Because the location of the boundary between Asia and Europe is not universally agreed upon Mont Blanc (4,810m) is occasionally considered as Europes highest mountain. Not technical at all. The North Side involves a glacier crossing so climbers should be comfortable with short rope techniques and crevasse rescue. Quite technical (arguably the most technical of the 7 summits) but mostly fixed ropes, it is quite arduous though so being in good shape is required. 10 Day Mountaineering School . My plan? Mount Elbrus, Russia. This results in two major points of variation. I talk about how I did it, and how you can do it too, in my COMPLETELY FREE Ebook, all 20,000 words or so. You can read about me trekking Aconcagua to the summit, complete with YouTube video here. Just finish the process by putting in your email below and Ill mail it right out to you immediately. Manchester City fans will recognise 6-1 as the score they beat Manchester United by at Old Trafford earlier this season, their biggest home thrashing since 1955. The Jordan 100km Charity Cycle (Petra, Dead Sea, Wadi Rum), Running the Serengeti Marathon for Parkinsons at 72 Years Old, Climbing Denali; EVERYTHING You Need to Know & My Personal Experience, Afghanistan Travel; Taking My Mum to Kabul for a Holiday, The Best Digital Nomad Insurance (now covering COVID-19 too! The training area venue for your Seven Summits Training Course will generally only be decided just prior to the course commencement date to ensure the most favourable area is utilised. In terms of Australia as a country, Mawson Peak (2,745m (9,006ft)) is higher than Kosciuszko. Outside of climbing, the most effective way to train is to undertake long day hikes with a large amount of elevation at least once a week for five to ten hours at a time. He, however, used the wrong mountain for the Australian continent. Climbing the Seven Summits, the highest peak on each of the seven continents, was an idea invented in the early 1980s by Dick Bass, a wealthy, middle-aged businessman and novice climber. More on that discrepancy at the bottom. What Are Seven Summits: *The Bass and Messner lists, and what about Mont Blanc?? 7 Summits - Detailed Overview. Once considered a mountaineering challenge, in January 2023, Climbing said "Today, the Seven Summits are a relatively commonalmost clichtour of each continent's highest peak", and that the real challenge was the Explorers Grand Slam, the Seven Summits with the North and South poles.[1][2]. Stage 4. [57] On 21 November 2013, Werner Berger (Canada, ex-South African), at the age of 76 years and 129 days, became the oldest person in the world to complete the Seven Summits after a 6-day jungle trek to Carstensz Pyramid. It is located in the Andes mountain range of Argentina. To a climber, these mountains are known as the Seven Summits* -- the highest peaks on each . Lost feeling in the tips of my fingers due to the cold, but other than that, Climbing Denali was just about manageable! Sir Ranulph Fiennes and Dr. Michael Stroud during their 1993 expedition to the South Pole. Manaslu is regarded as one of the more difficult 8000ers to summit, with approximately 650 successful summits, and around 80 deaths. Many of your questions are answered on the SP page: "I always arrive late at the office, but I make up for it by leaving early." Due to its isolated location, it is the youngest' of the 7 summits as it was the last one to be successfully summited, and the popularity of climbing this mountain is mainly attributed to its status as one of them. Mount Vinson is best done later on in the challenge as a precursor to Mount Everest. [14], The generally accepted highest summit in Europe is Mount Elbrus (5,642m or 18,510ft) in the Caucasus, appearing on both the Bass and Messner lists. Experts recommend that you have multiple pairs of footwear depending on which peaks you are climbing. Mount Everest, Asia Mount Everest, the tallest peak in the world. You can choose from two different routes. by the time you: You will also have to be sure that all of your identification is up-to-date: All of these are added expenses that you need to consider when planning your trek. As you know, blogging changed my life. And I did it all from my laptop as I travel the world and live my dream. These are Machame (the most popular), Lemosho, Rongai, Northern Circuit, and Marangu Routes. Due to its proximity to the equator, Kilimanjaro experiences relatively stable weather and can be climbed year round. In January 2010, the Spanish climber Carlos Soria Fontn, at the age of 71, completed the seven summits (Messner list) after reaching the summit of Kilimanjaro. It is prudent to have a GPS and/or a map and compass because there are no marked trails to the summit. Climbing them all was a goal first imagined and achieved by Dick Bass in 1985 (you can read about it in his book Seven Summits ) Since then, the Seven Summits has become the dream of many climbers, but the elite few who have succeeded number less than 300 in the entire world. Some sources claim Mount Wilhelm (4,509m (14,793ft)) in Papua New Guinea's Bismarck Range (on the island of New Guinea, like Puncak Jaya) as the highest mountain on the Australian continent, on account of Indonesia being a part of Asia[8] (see list of Southeast Asian mountains, which includes Puncak Jaya and other mountains in Western New Guinea, Indonesia). That being said, to complete the Seven Summits without argument, one should climb the Seven Summits AND Mount Kosciuszko and Mont Blanc. Its both technical and physically grueling, a minimum of 6 months fitness training is recommended. That was in 2010. These are generally the result of bad weather conditions or altitude sickness, Cost wise it can be as little as US$1,000 and range upwards to US$6,000 or so, Basic mountaineering skills along with a solid aerobic fitness level is a must, A typical expedition on Mount Elbrus will take approximately a week, The first recorded ascent to Mount Vinsons summit was in 1966 by an American team led by Nicholas Clinch, Only about 1,200 people have climbed Mount Vinson, There have not been any recorded deaths on the mountain, Because of the logistics involved in getting there, it is one of the more expensive climbs and can easily cost between US$30,000 up to US$50,000, Mount Vinson is not particularly technical though you must have good basic mountaineering skills. Summit days on most of the Seven Summits consist of 3000-5000ft (1000 - 2000m) of elevation gain over ten to twenty hours of climbing. However, because the location of the boundary between Asia and Europe is not universally agreed upon, its inclusion in Europe is disputed: if the KumaManych Depression is used as the geological border between Asia and Europe, the Caucasus and Elbrus lie wholly in Asia.

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