life 2021 sap nat nature

NTO s.15: Managers have full power to dispose of or deal with the land as . Second, we calculated cause-deleted life tables for 2020 (DT20), which examine the consequences of eliminating COVID-19 mortality from 2020 deaths44. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Effect of economic recession and impact of health and social protection expenditures on adult mortality: a longitudinal analysis of 5565 Brazilian municipalities. They might reduce access to and coverage of primary care and increase infant mortality and avoidable deaths. A conscientious employee, willing to learn new skills, open to instruction and feedback with a background in varied product, process and people management. endobj Takaya, C. A. et al. 1a, Supplementary Table 1 and Methods), with a larger drop for males (1.57 years) than females (0.95 years). Adoption is complex, emotional, life-altering. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. What it lacks is leadership commitment to save lives. In addition to your salary, Elevance Health offers benefits such as, a comprehensive benefits package . Created a powerful network of specialist vendors Key qualities and experiences: Project delivery of complicated, multi stream, long-term projects from inception to BAU Business process optimization. 58, 13471364 (2020). Hogan, A. et al. USA 118, e2019536118 (2021). Internet Explorer). Anne J. McNeil. Although some cities temporarily closed some businesses in response to the unprecedented COVID-19 surge in early 2021, no financial support was provided from January to March 2021. Prod. 26, 565581 (2000). Through a multidisciplinary approach, the project intends to improve the conservation status of Caretta caretta, thanks to the establishment of an international network, through the use of the best shared techniques and the use of a monitoring system. Nat Med 27, 16291635 (2021). We used death rates from all causes (including COVID-19) to calculate single-decrement life tables in 2019 and 2020. Rio Grande do Sul, in the South, was the only state with an estimated increase in e0 from 2019 to 2020 for both sexes (0.07 years) but a decline for males of 0.11 years. Khoo, S. C. et al. Brazil does not lack a universal healthcare system, a network of community health agents to target vulnerable communities, sufficient data and a capable cadre of researchers tirelessly advancing knowledge and informing policy. Duque, D. Auxlio Emergencial faz pobreza cair em plena pandemia. Moreover, the life cycle assessments, which utilized soiled diapers as the starting point, demonstrated that these open-loop recycling methods outperform the conventional routes from petroleum-derived feedstocks on nearly every metric, including for the key LCA metrics of global warming potential and cumulative energy demand. WASHINGTON (AP) An ambitious and wide-ranging White House cybersecurity plan released Thursday calls for bolstering protections on critical sectors and making software companies legally liable. & Bowe, B. High-dimensional characterization of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. This compromised screening for cancer, with a reduction of about 35% in new diagnoses28. To monitor this process, we measured changes in the complex viscosity over time. 4 0 obj Different PSAs were targeted simply by varying the sonication times. & Brooks, C. L. Adaptive landscape flattening accelerates sampling of alchemical space in multisite dynamics. 5, 501516 (2020). Brasil, Grandes Regies e Unidades da Federao 2010. in Estudos e Pesquisas. 1b and Supplementary Table 2)5. The COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: analysis of supply and demand of hospital and ICU beds and mechanical ventilators under different scenarios. M.C.C. Reduction in life expectancy in Brazil after COVID-19. As of 9 June 2021, COVID-19 has officially claimed more than 3.7 million lives worldwide, 48% of which were in the Americas. c, Bivariate choropleth map of the estimated change in e0 and e65 in 2020 based on the difference from life tables calculated for 2019 and 2020 by state. Italian Institute for Environmental xCv+}jE`MGA-k8E5YYM J. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24488-9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24488-9. At each time point, the maximum specific energy (wmax) was calculated using the maximum power drawn from the outlet and the mass of added PAA (Supplementary Information pg S3), and the molar masses were determined using size-exclusion chromatography. Next, we estimated total 2021 deaths, including COVID-19 confirmed deaths (\({\,}_nD_x^{COV}\)), reported by Brasil.io. To determine whether the base-mediated or acid-catalyzed pathway was better, the two routes were compared using a cradle-to-product life cycle assessment (LCA, Supplementary Fig. One of the pitfalls of diaper recycling pilots is the low demand for recovered diaper materials, which depreciates the environmental potentiality of such endeavors14. To access more than one type of pressure-sensitive adhesive, we needed a method to shorten the linear polymers obtained after the decrosslinking step. ISSN 2041-1723 (online). defined the methodology. Three-quarters attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the Brazilian Amazon during a largely unmitigated epidemic. Moreover, the route involving just decrosslinking and esterification (i.e., no sonication) has the potential to be industrially scalable, providing a sustainable solution to a longstanding waste problem. Before COVID-19, e0 in Brazil lagged behind many countries in Asia, Europe and the Americas. To avoid inconsistencies between life tables estimated for 2019 and 2020, we applied the same methodology to 2019. Revista de Administrao Pblica 54, 678696 (2020). The consequences, sadly and unacceptably, will continue to be measured in human lives lost, and the future demographic consequences might be even worse than those reported here. The authors thank Procter and Gamble (P&G) for supporting this work, as well as Ryan Hayes and Jonah Vilseck for assisting with simulations, Edwin Zishiri for assisting with synthesis, Gary Gilbertson, Bill Begley, and Yiping Sun for performing SEC on the PSAs, and Prof. Brian Love for his intellectual contributions. Health 8, E1018E1026 (2020). 109, 57555798 (2009). Mortality due to COVID-19 is estimated to have reduced e0 in the United States by 1.13 years, setting it back to values observed in 2003 (ref. 3 0 obj United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)Office of Land and Emergency Management. We show that life expectancy in the presence of COVID-19 is equivalent to levels observed in Brazil as far back as 20 or more years in some states. Offensive waste valorisation in the UK: assessment of the potentials for absorbent hygiene product (AHP) recycling. are employees at P&G. 32, 290299 (2016). Our results point to an overall widening of the femalemale gap in e0 of 0.6 years in Brazil (9.1% increase). 239, 255261 (2019). . Article The resulting acidic polymer solutions were used directly in the subsequent experiments without any isolation steps. ISPRA is responsible for the geomorphological characterization of the nesting sites and analysis for land planning and management, the geomorphological and chemical characterization of the sites and the drafting of guidelines on the management of coastal erosion for the suitability of the nesting habitat.The project partnership is composed of: Anton Dohrn Zoological Station; University of Rome La Sapienza; Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Balmes University Foundation, Spain; National Organization of Italian Dogs; Cestmed, France; Basilicata Region; Puglia region; Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Toscana; Lazio region; Campania Region; ISPRA- Italy. Super absorbent polymer (SAP) marketGlobal industry analysis, size and forecast. Excess mortality in Brazil: a detailed description of trends in mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. The transformation relies on an (i) acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, (ii) optional chain-shortening via sonication, and (iii) a highly efficient esterification driven by hydrophobicity. Silveira, M. F. et al. Faria, N. R. et al. Sonochem. 79, 22302244 (2001). Expected Impact . Instead, we envisioned a 23 step method from crosslinked sodium polyacrylate: (i) acid-catalyzed or base-mediated decrosslinking to generate linear polymers, (ii) optional sonication to lower the molar mass, and (iii) functionalizing via esterification to generate tack (Fig. Nature 594, 259264 (2021). Marcia C. Castro. Cad. ISSN 1546-170X (online) Castro, M. C. et al. For DT19, nRx is calculated as the ratio of expected deaths in the absence of COVID-19 to expected deaths in the presence of COVID-19. Among the states, Amazonas, Rondnia, Roraima and Mato Grosso had the largest declines in e0 in both 2020 and 2021 (Fig. More specifically, we compared four different cradle-to-product LCA scenarios: poly(2-ethylhexylacrylate) production in the conventional industrial approach and three variations of the recycling process: (i) sonicating the 2.5% w/v polymer solution for 1min, (ii) sonicating the 5.0% w/v polymer solution for 2min, and (iii) no sonication of the 5% w/v polymer solution. Technical Assistance Projects (all subprogrammes): 22 September (5 p.m.). Integrated Projects (all subprogrammes): 19 October 2021 - Concept Note. This value suggests that the increase in polymer hydrophobicity provides a significant thermodynamic driving force towards further esterification, perhaps counteracting the buildup of water that was otherwise expected to limit conversion. stream We showed that a largely unmitigated pandemic, in a context of local inequalities, resulted in a high and unequal mortality burden. Chem. Z. wrote the codes for analysis. Public Health Nutr. Plots of storage (G) versus loss (G) moduli for poly(2-ethylhexylacrylate) (a), including visualization of Changs viscoelastic window, and of the cumulative energy demand (CED) and global warming potential (GWP) for each route (b). A life cycle assessment was used to compare the routes that involved (i) no sonication, (ii) sonication for 1 min (2.5% w/v) and (iii) sonication for 2 min (5.0% w/v), including the workup steps,. The crosslinks were first hydrolyzed using 0.3M aq. For each state and sex, we calculated the difference between the two life tables to estimate reductions in e0 and e65 due to COVID-19 (Supplementary Tables 1 and 2). [:BiU{okw}weM~{zo=nR{=x"}C?V]nQi,"8(,|"}'Y77iY. https://blogdoibre.fgv.br/posts/auxilio-emergencial-faz-pobreza-cair-em-plena-pandemia (2020). In quest of challenging role Operational excellence in specialty chemicals, pharmaceutical industry demonstrated success extremely reliable, collaborative; 16 + years associated with companies. T32 AG000037). Nature Governance ID LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Types of action LIFE Project Grants Deadline model single-stage Opening date 13 July 2021 Deadline date 30 November 2021 17:00:00 Brussels time Projetos SNAP (os chamados projetos integrados no anterior Regulamento, mas agora especficos Everyone involved in adoptionbirthparents, adoptive parents, adoptees, adoption professionals, and beyonddeserves support when they need it. M.C.C., S.G.K. Chem. An international comparison of age and sex dependency of COVID-19 deaths in 2020: a descriptive analysis, A population-based cohort study of socio-demographic risk factors for COVID-19 deaths in Sweden, Years of life lost to COVID-19 in 81 countries, Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of HIV Mortality in China: Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016, Disease and healthcare burden of COVID-19 in the United States, Impact of COVID-19 on older adults and role of long-term care facilities during early stages of epidemic in Italy, Global ecological analysis of COVID-19 mortality and comparison between the East and the West, Short- and medium-term impacts of strict anti-contagion policies on non-COVID-19 mortality in China, Age-specific mortality and immunity patterns of SARS-CoV-2, https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/population/18176-population-projection.html, https://opendatasus.saude.gov.br/nl/dataset, https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/data, https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/code, https://www.vitalstrategies.org/resources/excess-mortality-in-brazil-a-detailed-description-of-trends-in-mortality-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/, https://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cdha/latinmortality/wp-content/uploads/book_Ch2.pdf, https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/index.php/biblioteca-catalogo?id=297884&view=detalhes, https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.02.21252772, https://portal.fiocruz.br/sites/portal.fiocruz.br/files/documentos/boletim_covid_2021_extraordinario_maio.pdf, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/14/brazil-manaus-amazonas-covid-coronavirus, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.26.21252554v1, http://www.genomahcov.fiocruz.br/tabela-de-dados/, https://virological.org/t/first-reported-cases-of-sars-cov-2-sub-lineage-b-1-617-2-in-brazil-an-outbreak-in-a-ship-and-alert-for-spread/706, https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2020.12.002, https://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=37022&Itemid=448, https://blogdoibre.fgv.br/posts/auxilio-emergencial-faz-pobreza-cair-em-plena-pandemia, http://olheparaafome.com.br/VIGISAN_Inseguranca_alimentar.pdf, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/27/brazil-begins-parliamentary-inquiry-into-bolsonaros-covid-response, Correlation between human development index and its components with COVID-19 indices: a global level ecologic study, Coronavirus disease-related in-hospital mortality: a cohort study in a private healthcare network in Brazil, The 90 plus: longevity and COVID-19 survival, Years of life lost during the Covid-19 pandemic in Sweden considering variation in life expectancy by level of geriatric care. In both countries, the pandemic response in 2020 was disparate regionally, with lamentable national coordination3,4, resulting in a high and unequal mortality burden5,6. Because in-hospital COVID-19 deaths represent 89% of all COVID-19 deaths reported in 2021, we use them to proxy for the agesex distributions of all COVID-19 deaths. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. Here, chemical transformations are used to convert waste polymers into other value-added materials, delaying their entry into the waste stream. b, Gap (in years) in state e0 and e65 in 2019 and 2020, calculated as the difference between the largest and smallest life expectancy among states (Methods). The Nature and Biodiversity sub-programme will aim at the protection and restoration of Europe's nature and halting and reversing biodiversity loss. and S.G. conducted data curation. Commercial polyacrylate-based PSAs are often accessed via petroleum-sourced monomers (Fig. Syntheses of pressure-sensitive adhesives from petroleum feedstocks (industrial approach) compared to waste diaper-based feedstock (open-loop recycling). Applicants wishing to apply for more than one topic, must submit a separate proposal under each topic. Process Saf. Aburto, J. M. et al. ANDS is a $120M federally funded national infrastructure innovation project to exploit Australia's research data advantage. Nature and Biodiversity ). However, this process utilizes expensive solvents (dimethylsulfoxide or dimethylformamide) and stoichiometric quantities of base (tetramethylguanidine), both of which would likely be too costly for large-scale recycling of waste superabsorbent materials. 8,17). LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT-NATURE Gamta ir biologin vairov (angl. Most consumer PSA-based products are found in either quadrant 3 or the central region (e.g., office tape, sticky notes, bandages, and removable labels), which is signified by low-to-medium G and G. The acid-catalyzed hydrolysis outperformed the base-mediated hydrolysis by a factor of 10 on both global warming potential and cumulative energy demand. The reduction in life expectancy at age 65 (e65) in 2020 was 0.9 years, setting Brazil back to 2012 levels. 1c), broadly mirroring the patterns across states (Fig. First reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 sub-lineage B.1.617.2 in Brazil: an outbreak in a ship and alert for spread. On. https://www.statista.com/statistics/282732/global-production-of-plastics-since-1950 (2020). Res. CAS Hong, M. & Chen, E. Y.-X. First, we obtained mid-year population projections for 20182020 and abridged life tables estimated for 20002020 by state, age and sex from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatstica, or IBGE, in Portuguese) (https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/population/18176-population-projection.html). To probe whether the hydrophobic side chains also push the equilibrium towards esterification, atomistic simulations were used (Supplementary Information pgs S27S29)46,47. Experienced Manager with a demonstrated history of working in the computer software industry. An estimated 6.3 billion metric tons of post-consumer polymer waste has been produced, with the majority (79%) in landfills or the environment. Chemically recyclable polymers: a circular economy approach to sustainability. Buss, L. F. et al. In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003). )W9N2S33:;Ai / YnM#@w@6~q|,Sq","Kc]FTE^gIK%q4g2J:?1*zK6J./7o#hX&M,5!zbz?-V^mnH)0"2x~&NRO~c_e5j;? For example, the 1918 influenza pandemic was estimated to have reduced e0 in the United States by 712 years7. The initially heterogeneous reaction mixture becomes a homogeneous solution over time due to the chemical change from a superabsorbent gel-like substance into the soluble, linear polymer products. EUROPE FACILITY. Sci. & Pimenta, D. N. Community health workers reveal COVID-19 disaster in Brazil. Li, Q. et al. March 2, 2023 - 6:00AM. https://www.fatersmart.com/ - (Accessed May 1, 2021). The estimated setback for e65 was overwhelming, equalling values last observed as far back as the early 2000s in most states in the North region and before 2000 in Amazonas, Par and Gois. sub-programme "Transition to clean energy". Marinho, F. et al. Proc. M.C.C., N.G., T.A. et al. Pract. State acronyms by region: North: AC=Acre, AP=Amap, AM=Amazonas, PA=Par, RO=Rondnia, RR=Roraima and TO=Tocantins; Northeast: AL=Alagoas, BA=Bahia, CE=Cear, MA=Maranho, PB=Paraba, PE=Pernambuco, PI=Piau, RN=Rio Grande do Norte and SE=Sergipe; Center-West: DF=Distrito Federal, GO=Gois, MT=Mato Grosso and MS=Mato Grosso do Sul; Southeast: ES=Esprito Santo, MG=Minas Gerais, RJ=Rio de Janeiro and SP=So Paulo; South: PR=Paran, RS=Rio Grande do Sul and SC=Santa Catarina. Via Vitaliano Brancati, 48 - 00144 Roma (I) 2). We offer five reasons as to why. PubMed Central Numbers above 100 indicate more deaths in 2021 than 2020. Among states, Amazonas lost 60.4% of the improvements in e0 since 2000. M.C.C. PubMedGoogle Scholar. 916 (Springer International Publishing AG, 2018). Oncol. 2). 2a and Supplementary Table 7). As of 25 May 2021, 20 of the 27 capital cities have intensive care unit occupancy above 80% (half of those above 90%)20. First, we estimate that COVID-19 deaths in the first 4 months of 2021 have already reduced e0 by 1.8 years, and the ultimate effect on 2021 e0 will be even greater. Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Marcia C. Castro,Susie Gurzenda&Sun Kim, Demography Department, Cedeplar, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Office of Population Research and Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA, You can also search for this author in & Urey, H. C. The mechanisms of acid catalyzed ester hydrolysis, esterification and oxygen exchange of carboxylic acids. Records with ill-defined, unspecified or unattended deaths (codes R99 and R98) in 2020 were treated as non-COVID-19 deaths (4.9% (75,484/1,541,556)). ACS Sustain. 276, 123350 (2020). Plastics and the Environment. . As of 29 May 2021, the number of COVID-19 deaths in Brazil was 137% of those reported in 2020; in Amazonas, for every COVID-19 death in 2020, there have been 1.5 deaths in 2021. Giving superabsorbent polymers a second life as pressure-sensitive adhesives. https://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cdha/latinmortality/wp-content/uploads/book_Ch2.pdf (2015). Smith, D. W. & Bradshaw, B. S. Variation in life expectancy during the twentieth century in the United States. Due to these challenges, the focus has been on re-use of recovered materials, rather than recycling; for example, the recovered superabsorbent polymers have been explored for enhancing the water retention properties of soil21,22. The potential of superabsorbent polymers from diaper wastes to enhance water retention properties of the soil. Science 360, 2829 (2018). https://www.petrochemistry.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/150727_EBAM-Eco-profile-Acrylic-Monomers-1.pdf (Cefic European Basic Acrylic Monomers Sector group (EBAM): Brussels, 2015). Preparation of pressure sensitive adhesives from post-consumer superabsorbent polymers. To obtain - Experienced in end-to-end order management process using SAP <br>- More than fourteen (14) years of experience on data analysis, which provides strategic and tactical support to Real Estate documents from various counties in the United States<br>- Self-motivated, results-oriented, and able to work with minimal supervision<br>- Possess proven problem solving abilities and very strong . Unfortunately, most used diapers sit in landfills without substantial biodegradation, or are incinerated. B., Bell, J. We estimated a reduction of 1.31 years in e0 from 2019 to 2020 (Fig. In a previous paper, we described the spatiotemporal patterns of the spread of COVID-19 cases and deaths in Brazil18. The Guardian. Lancet Glob. 1 0 obj Slider with three articles shown per slide. in Brasil: uma viso geogrfica e ambiental no incio do sculo XXI. The data required to reproduce the results presented in this paper are available at https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/data. Life cycle assessments (LCA) were performed to assess the cumulative energetic and environmental impacts of producing 1kg of adhesive via our open-loop recycling method. Thank you for visiting nature.com. After more than 195,000 lives were reported to have been lost in 2020 to COVID-19, no policy changes have appeared in 2021. As of 23 May 2021, P.1 was the most prevalent strain in the country (92% of the samples analyzed)25. The synthetic polymer community created these impactful materials, and now, we must turn our attention towards technologies that facilitate their collection and recycling, to create a circular economy that is more sustainable7. Chem. Lancet Glob. 4b,c). Brazil continues to face a challenging situation. Opening date: 13 July 2021 Deadline: 30 November 2021 Code: LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Programme: LIFE - Programme for the Environment and Climate Action Go to the call Objective To contribute to the protection of nature and biodiversity by: Supporting nature and biodiversity policy and legislation compliance assurance, and/or We surmise that the estimates derived from the decrement life table techniques (DT19 and DT20) are higher than those reported in the text because of additional biases related to violation of the assumption of independence between COVID-19 and other causes and misdiagnosis of cause of death. & Garenne, M. The 1918 influenza epidemics effects on sex differentials in mortality in the United States. endobj Polym. Nature Governance ). Correspondence to J. We compared the gap in life expectancy between males and females in the period life tables constructed for 2019 and 2020 (Methods). Esterification of polyacrylic acid using alkyl halides under basic conditions had already been reported38. )fdg{ca8L[2!/5\r>yGFB]Jd0EH|-v6fmxtlv^{@-0x@oOXLx1)&f@4M6"S6,+I"zvM7AC ~z:Wy{wF3JkGZpd\ _] 7N8cPi} http://olheparaafome.com.br/VIGISAN_Inseguranca_alimentar.pdf (2021). The superabsorbent polymer provided by P&G is a sodium poly(acrylate) crosslinked via ~0.05mol% poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate co-monomer (PAAP&G)30.

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